Architectures supported by the GNU Toolchain
Content of this Page
- Recent 64bit Architectures
- Recent 32bit Architectures
- Recent 16bit Architectures
- Recent 8bit Architectures
Recent 64bit Architectures
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| Architecture | Year | Manufacturer | Family | Models | Applications | Register Width | gcc | OS |
| z/Architecture | 2000- | IBM | Mainframe | z800, z900, z890, z990 | z/Series (s/390 - 64bit) | 64bit | x | z/VM, z/OS, z/TPF, z/Linux, VSE, MUSIC/SP |
| MMIX | 1999- | Donald Knuth | RISC Virtual Machine | MIX, MMIX | Research | 64bit | (x) | - |
| Cell | 2005- | IBM, Sony, Toshiba | RISC | Cell | Sony Playstation III, Toshiba TVs | 64bit | (x) | (Linux) |
| IBM POWER (64bit) | 1998- | IBM | RISC | POWER3, POWER4, POWER5 | IBM RS/6000 (pSeries), IBM AS/400 (iSeries) | 64bit | x | OS/400, AIX, Linux, RTLinux |
| PowerPC (64bit) | 2002- | IBM, Motorola, Apple | RISC | 970 (G5) | Power Mac G5 | 64bit | x | VxWorks, Linux, OpenBSD, FreeBSD, NetBSD, MacOS X |
| SH (64bit) | 2003- | Hitachi, ST, SuperH Inc., Renesas | RISC | SH-5 | Embedded | 64bit | x | NetBSD |
| UltraSPARC | 1995- | SPARC Inc. | RISC | UltraSPARC I, II, III, IV | Sun Ultra, Sun Enterprise | 64bit | x | Solaris, Linux, OpenBSD, FreeBSD, NetBSD |
| MIPS (64bit) | 1991- | MIPS Inc. | RISC | R4000, R5000, RM7000, RM9000, R8000, R10000 | Cisco Routers, Playstation II, Nintendo 64, DECstation, SGI Fuel, SGI Tezro, SGI Origin, Embedded | 64bit | x | Irix, Linux, OpenBSD, FreeBSD, VxWorks, eCos |
| PA-RISC (64bit) | 1996- | HP | RISC | PA-8000, PA-8200, PA-8500, PA-8600, PA-8700, PA-8800, PA-8900 | HP 9000 | 64bit | x | HP-UX, Linux |
| IA-64 | 2001- | Intel, HP | VLIW (very long instruction word) | Intel Itanium II, Intel Itanium ('Itanic') | HP 9000 | 64bit | x | OpenVMS, HP-UX, Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD |
| AMD x86-64 | 2003- | AMD Inc. | CISC | AMD Opteron, AMD Athlon 64, AMD Turion 64, Intel Xeon, Intel Pentium 4 | Consumer PCs | 64bit | x | Solaris, Linux, OpenBSD, FreeBSD, NetBSD |
Recent 32bit Architectures
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| Architecture | Year | Manufacturer | Family | Models | Applications | Register Width | gcc | OS |
| Blackfin | 2001- | Analog Devices, Intel | DSP | BF-530, BF-560 | DSP, Embedded | 32bit | x | uCLinux |
| TMS320C3, TMS320C4 | TI | DSP | TMS320C33, TMS320C3x, TMS320C4x | DSP | 32bit | (x) | - | |
| PowerPC (32bit) | 1991- | IBM, Motorola, Apple | RISC | 601, 603, 604, 750 (G3), 7400 (G4) | Cisco Routers, Nintendo Gamecube, Power Macintosh, Power Macintosh G3, Power Mac G4, Embedded (e.g. NASA Mars Rovers) | 32bit | x | VxWorks, QNX, RTLinux, RTAI, eCos, Linux, OpenBSD, FreeBSD, NetBSD, MacOS X |
| SH (32bit) | 1994- | Hitachi, ST, SuperH Inc., Renesas | RISC | SH-1, SH-2, SH-3, SH-4 | Sega Saturn, Sega Dreamcast, Embedded | 32bit | x | VxWorks, QNX, eCos, Linux, NetBSD |
| SPARC | 1985- | Sun, SPARC Inc. | RISC | microSPARC, superSPARC, turboSPARC, hyperSPARC | Sun SPARCstation, Embedded | 32bit | x | Solaris, Linux, OpenBSD, NetBSD, eCos |
| MIPS (32bit) | 1985- | MIPS Inc. | RISC | R2000, R3000, AMD Alchemy | DECstation, SGI Workstations, Sony Playstation, Cisco Routers, Embedded | 32bit | x | Irix, Linux, OpenBSD, FreeBSD, NetBSD, VxWorks, QNX, RTLinux, RTAI, eCos |
| ARM | 1986- | ARM Inc. | RISC | ARM2, ARM3, ARM6, ARM7, ARM9 | Embedded (75% market share) | 32bit | x | VxWorks, QNX, eCos, RTLinux, RTAI, Linux, uCLinux, FreeBSD, NetBSD |
| XScale | 2002- | Intel | RISC (ARM) | PXA210 / PXA25x, PXA26x, PXA27x | HP iPaq, Zharp Zaurus, Palm Tungsten, Handhelds, Embedded | 32bit | x | VxWorks, QNX, eCos, RTLinux, RTAI, Linux |
| LEON | 2001- | Gaisler Research, Sweden | OpenRISC (SPARC) Softprocessor | LEON2, LEON3 | Embedded | 32bit | x | eCos, Linux |
| Xtensa | 2003- | Tensilica Inc. | RISC - Softprocessor | Xtensa V, Xtensa LX | Embedded | 32bit | x | VxWorks, Linux |
| ARC | 2002- | ARC Ltd. | RISC Softprocessor | ARC 600, ARC 700 | Embedded | 32bit | x | Linux, NetBSD |
| MicroBlaze | Xilinx Ltd. | RISC Softprocessor | MicroBlaze | Embedded | 32bit | x | VxWorks, eCos, Linux, uCLinux | |
| Nios II | Altera | RISC Softprocessor | Nios II | Embedded | 32bit | x | eCos, uCLinux | |
| Nemesis | TU Berlin | RISC Softprocessor | Nemesis C, Nemesis S, Nemesis X | Research | 32bit | (x) | - | |
| MCORE | Motorola | RISC | MMC2001, MMC2114 | Embedded | 32bit | (x) | - | |
| Fujitsu FR-30 | Fujitsu | RISC | FR-30 | Embedded | 32bit | (x) | - | |
| Fujitsu FR-V | Fujitsu | RISC | FR-50, FR-60 | Embedded | 32bit | x | eCos | |
| V850 | NEC | RISC | V850 SA, V850 SB, V850 SC, V850 ES, V850E, V850E2 | Embedded | 32bit | x | eCos, uCLinux | |
| CRIS | 1990- | Axis, Sweden | RISC | ETRAX 100LX, ETRAX 100Lx MCM | Webcameras, Printservers, Embedded | 32bit | x | Linux, RTAI |
| M32R | Mitsubishi, Renesas | RISC | 32170, 32180 | Embedded | 32bit | x | Linux | |
| Intel i960 | 1985- | Intel, Siemens | RISC | i960MX, i960MC, i960KA, i960KB, i960CA, i960CF | Military, Laser Printer, Embedded | 32bit | x | uCLinux |
| Efficeon | 2005- | Transmeta | VLIW (x86-VM) | Crusoe, Efficeon | Notebooks, Embedded | 32bit | x | as Intel x86 by virtual machine |
| Crusoe | 2000- | Transmeta | VLIW (x86-VM) | Crusoe | Notebooks, Embedded | 32bit | x | as Intel x86 by virtual machine |
| IA-32, Intel x86 (32bit) | 1986- | Intel | CISC | 80386, 80486, Pentium, Athlon, Duron, Geode, ZFx86 | PCs, Embedded | 32bit | x | Solaris, Linux, OpenBSD, FreeBSD, NetBSD, MacOS X, VxWorks, QNX, eCos, RTLinux, RTAI |
| M68k (32bit) | 1987- | Motorola | CISC | 68020, 68030, 68040, 68060, Dragonball, Coldfire | Apple Macintosh, Commodore Amiga, Atari ST, Sun 3, Sega Saturn, Macintosh II, SGI Iris, Embedded | 32bit | x | eCos, uCLinux, OpenBSD, NetBSD |
| MN103 | 1996- | Matsushita (Panasonic) | CISC | AM30, AM31, AM32, AM33 | Embedded | 32bit | x | eCos |
Recent 16bit Architectures
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| Architecture | Year | Manufacturer | Family | Models | Applications | Register Width | gcc | OS |
| MSP430 | 1995- | TI | RISC | MSP430C1, MSP430C3 | Embedded | 16bit | x | - |
| CalmRISC | Samsung | RISC | S3CC9xx | Embedded | 16bit | x | eCos | |
| Intel x86 (16bit) | 1978- | Intel | CISC | 8086, 8088, 80186, 80286 | Embedded | 16bit | (x) | - |
| H8 | Renesas | CISC | H8/300, H8S | Embedded | 16bit | x | eCos, uCLinux | |
| M68HC12 | Motorola | CISC | HC12, HCS12, HCS12X | Embedded | 16bit | x | - | |
| M32C | Renesas | CISC | M32C, M16C, R8C | Embedded | 16bit | (x) | - | |
| MN102 | 1993- | Matsushita (Panasonic) | CISC | AM20, AM21, AM22, AM23 | Embedded | 16bit | (x) | - |
Recent 8bit Architectures
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| Architecture | Year | Manufacturer | Family | Models | Applications | Register Width | gcc | OS |
| 8051 | 1980- | Analog, TI, ST, Maxim, Philips, Infineon, Atmel, DCD, CAST, OpenCores.org | CISC | 80C31, 80C32, 80C51, 80C52, 80C54, 80C58, ADuC800, MSC12, uPSD | Embedded | 8bit | - | - |
| AVR | Atmel | RISC | ATtiny, ATmega, AT90 | Embedded | 8bit | x | - | |
| M68HC11 | Motorola | CISC | HC11x | Embedded | 8bit | x | - | |
| IP2000 | Ubicom Inc. | CISC | IP2022 | Embedded | 8bit | x | - |
Obsolete 64bit Architectures
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| Architecture | Year | Manufacturer | Family | Models | Applications | Register Width | gcc | OS |
| RS64 | 1997-2001 | IBM | RISC | RS64, RS64-II, RS64-III, RS64-IV | IBM RS/6000 (pSeries), IBM AS/400 (iSeries) | 64bit | (x) | OS/400, AIX |
| DEC Alpha | 1992-2005 (announced by HP) | DEC, HP | RISC | EV4, LCA4, EV5, PCA5, EV6, EV7 | DEC/HP Alpha Station, HP Alpha Server | 64bit | x | OpenVMS, HP-UX, Linux, OpenBSD, FreeBSD, NetBSD |
| Intel i860 | 1988-1998 | Intel | RISC | i860 XR, i860 XP | Graphics Accelerators | 64bit | (x) | - |
Obsolete 32bit Architectures
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| Architecture | Year | Manufacturer | Family | Models | Applications | Register Width | gcc | OS |
| 370/ESA, 390/ESA | 1970-2001 | IBM | Mainframe | IBM 3033, IBM 3090, IBM 9370 | s/370, s/390 | 24bit, 32bit | x | VM/390, VM/ESA, VM/XA, VM/370, OS/390, MVS/ESA, MVS/XA, MVS, TPF, Linux/390, VSE, ESA/VSE, DOS/VSE, DOS/VS, MUSIC/SP |
| DEC VAX | 1978-2005 (announced by HP) | DEC, HP | Minicomputer | VAX-11/780, VAX 8800 Superminis, VAX 9000 Mainframes, MicroVAX, CVAX, NVAX, Rigel | DEC VAX | 32bit | x | VMS, OpenVMS, OpenBSD, NetBSD |
| IBM POWER (32bit) | 1991-1998 | IBM | RISC | POWER1, POWER2 | IBM RS/6000 (pSeries), IBM AS/400 (iSeries) | 32bit | x | OS/400, AIX, Linux |
| PA-RISC (32bit) | 1989-1996 | HP | RISC | PA-7000, PA-7100, PA-7150, PA-7200, PA-7100LC, PA-7300LC | HP 3000, HP 9000 | 32bit | x | HP-UX, Linux, OpenBSD, NetBSD |
| M88000 | 1988-1995 | Motorola | RISC | 88100, 88110 | MVME Series, Series 900, Embedded | 32bit | x | OpenBSD |
| AMD 29000 | 1988 - 1995 | AMD | RISC | 29005, 29027, 29030, 29035, 29040, 29050, 29200, 29205 | Laser Printers, Avionics, Embedded | 32bit | (x) | - |
| NS32000 | 1979-1990 | National Semiconductor | CISC | 32016, 32032, 32332, 32532, Swordfish | Laser Printer, Embedded | 32bit | x | NetBSD |
Obsolete 16bit Architectures
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| Architecture | Year | Manufacturer | Family | Models | Applications | Register Width | gcc | OS |
| DEC PDP-11 | 1970-1990 | DEC | Minicomputer | PDP-11/20, PDP-11/44, PDP-11/73, LSI-11, several unauthorized socialistic clones | PDP-11 | 16bit | (x) | RSX-11, RT-11, RSTS/E, P/OS, IAS, BSD-2.9, Unix |
| M68k (16bit) | 1979-1988 | Motorola | CISC | 68000, 68010 | Sinclair QL, Printers, Embedded | 16bit | x | NetBSD |
| Z8000 | 1978-1990 | Zilog | CISC | Z8000 | No Applications | 16bit | (x) | - |
(c) 2005, 2006, 2007 Ralf Schaefer Consulting